Modelo de optimización para la coordinación de protecciones eléctricas en redes de distribución con generación distribuida
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Date
2025
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Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo
Abstract
Las redes de distribución eléctrica tienen un impacto significativo a nivel global, dado su papel esencial en la energía que sustenta las industrias, el transporte y los sectores económicos que impulsan el desarrollo socioeconómico mundial. En consecuencia, el crecimiento de la infraestructura eléctrica ha avanzado de manera progresiva para satisfacer la creciente demanda energética. Este crecimiento también está estrechamente vinculado con el desarrollo de los sectores económicos de los países que dependen de recursos energéticos. Por esta razón, ha surgido la necesidad de implementar soluciones innovadoras en la generación de energías renovables e integrarlas gradualmente en los sistemas de generación tradicional, adaptándose al progreso económico, social y tecnológico de cada región. En este contexto, la generación distribuida (GD) surge como una alternativa de generación a pequeña escala, instalada cerca de los puntos de demanda eléctrica. La GD suele conectarse a las redes de distribución, transformando su operación tradicional. Sin embargo, su incorporación trae consigo desafíos como la alteración de parámetros técnicos, entre ellos la corriente de cortocircuito, los niveles de tensión, la calidad de la energía y el flujo bidireccional de potencia. Estos cambios han generado problemas significativos en la coordinación de las protecciones eléctricas, tema central de este estudio. En las redes de distribución tradicionales, la ausencia de GD facilitaba la coordinación de protecciones. Sin embargo, la integración de esta tecnología ha incrementado la complejidad de los esquemas de protecciones, requiriendo una revisión exhaustiva de algunas condiciones y parámetros de las redes de distribución actual para poder afrontar los nuevos retos.
Abstract Electric distribution networks have a significant global impact due to the dependence on energy in industries, transportation, and economic sectors that drive the socioeconomic development of the world. Consequently, infrastructure growth has progressed gradually in accordance with energy demand, as well as the growth of the economic sectors of countries that rely on energy resources. This has created the need to implement new solutions in renewable energy generation and to gradually incorporate them into traditional generation systems, subject to the economic, social, and technological growth of each region. The incorporation of distributed generation (DG) is contextualized as small-scale energy contributions and is characterized by being installed close to the demand for electrical energy. Typically, it connects to the electrical networks that make up the distribution infrastructure. The new challenges brought about by DG include negative phenomena in the operation of protection schemes, introducing new parameters that were not conceived in the operation of protections, affecting parameters such as short-circuit current, voltage levels, power quality, and bidirectional power flow. This has generated various problems in the coordination of protections, which is the subject of study in this work. In traditional distribution networks, there were no DG sources, making protection coordination a straightforward task. Indeed, the incorporation of DG into the distribution network increasingly complicates the coordination of protection schemes.
Abstract Electric distribution networks have a significant global impact due to the dependence on energy in industries, transportation, and economic sectors that drive the socioeconomic development of the world. Consequently, infrastructure growth has progressed gradually in accordance with energy demand, as well as the growth of the economic sectors of countries that rely on energy resources. This has created the need to implement new solutions in renewable energy generation and to gradually incorporate them into traditional generation systems, subject to the economic, social, and technological growth of each region. The incorporation of distributed generation (DG) is contextualized as small-scale energy contributions and is characterized by being installed close to the demand for electrical energy. Typically, it connects to the electrical networks that make up the distribution infrastructure. The new challenges brought about by DG include negative phenomena in the operation of protection schemes, introducing new parameters that were not conceived in the operation of protections, affecting parameters such as short-circuit current, voltage levels, power quality, and bidirectional power flow. This has generated various problems in the coordination of protections, which is the subject of study in this work. In traditional distribution networks, there were no DG sources, making protection coordination a straightforward task. Indeed, the incorporation of DG into the distribution network increasingly complicates the coordination of protection schemes.
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Keywords
Distribución de enrgía eléctrica, Recursos energéticos, Energías renovables, Energía eléctrica, Automatización de la distribución de energía eléctrica, Recursos energéticos renovables, Sistemas de energía eléctrica