Evaluación de alternativas tecnológicas para el monitoreo del consumo de combustible en flotas vehiculares : un análisis comparativo
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Date
2025
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Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo
Abstract
Este estudio evaluó cinco tecnologías para el monitoreo del consumo de combustible en flotas vehiculares colombianas (OBD-II, sensores de flujo, GPS/telemetría, IoT y software de análisis), con el objetivo de identificar las soluciones más eficientes y viables técnica-económicamente. Se realizó un análisis comparativo mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo) mediante revisión documental y aplicación del Método de Ponderación Simple (MPS) con seis criterios: reducción de consumo (%), precisión, costos iniciales, ROI, compatibilidad y escalabilidad. Los resultados del análisis cuantitativo mostraron que: OBD-II obtuvo el mayor puntaje global (0.663/1.0) para flotas livianas, Sensores de flujo alcanzaron 94-97% de precisión, pero con ROI prolongado (24-36 meses). GPS + telemetría presentó el mejor equilibrio (puntaje: 0.6618), reduciendo hasta 26.7% el consumo en transporte público. Cualitativamente, se identificaron barreras clave: desconexión tecnológica en zonas rurales (32% de vías sin cobertura estable), antigüedad del parque automotor (>20 años en 40% de flotas) y necesidad de capacitación técnica. Las conclusiones destacan que
• La selección tecnológica debe basarse en el tipo de flota y capacidad de inversión.
• Combinar sistemas (ej.: OBD-II + software) optimiza resultados en flotas mixtas.
• La implementación requiere alinearse con normativas.
Abstract This study evaluated five technologies for fuel consumption monitoring in Colombian vehicle fleets (OBD-II, flow sensors, GPS/telemetry, IoT and analysis software), with the objective of identifying the most efficient and technically and economically feasible solutions. A mixed comparative analysis (qualitative-quantitative) was performed through documentary review and application of the Simple Weighting Method (SPM) with six criteria: consumption reduction (%), accuracy, initial costs, ROI, compatibility and scalability. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that: OBD-II obtained the highest overall score (0.663/1.0) for light fleets, Flow sensors achieved 94-97% accuracy, but with prolonged ROI (24-36 months). GPS + telemetry presented the best balance (score: 0.6618), reducing up to 26.7% consumption in public transport. Qualitatively, key barriers were identified: technological disconnection in rural areas (32% of roads without stable coverage), age of the vehicle fleet (>20 years in 40% of fleets) and need for technical training. The conclusions highlight that • Technological selection should be based on the type of fleet and investment capacity. • Combining systems (e.g. OBD-II + software) optimizes results in mixed fleets. • Implementation requires alignment with regulations.
Abstract This study evaluated five technologies for fuel consumption monitoring in Colombian vehicle fleets (OBD-II, flow sensors, GPS/telemetry, IoT and analysis software), with the objective of identifying the most efficient and technically and economically feasible solutions. A mixed comparative analysis (qualitative-quantitative) was performed through documentary review and application of the Simple Weighting Method (SPM) with six criteria: consumption reduction (%), accuracy, initial costs, ROI, compatibility and scalability. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that: OBD-II obtained the highest overall score (0.663/1.0) for light fleets, Flow sensors achieved 94-97% accuracy, but with prolonged ROI (24-36 months). GPS + telemetry presented the best balance (score: 0.6618), reducing up to 26.7% consumption in public transport. Qualitatively, key barriers were identified: technological disconnection in rural areas (32% of roads without stable coverage), age of the vehicle fleet (>20 years in 40% of fleets) and need for technical training. The conclusions highlight that • Technological selection should be based on the type of fleet and investment capacity. • Combining systems (e.g. OBD-II + software) optimizes results in mixed fleets. • Implementation requires alignment with regulations.
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Keywords
Telemetría, Eficiencia energética, Método de Ponderación Simple (MPS), Monitoreo de combustible, Flotas vehiculares, Energy efficiency, Telemetry